c23: tag compatibility rules for struct and unions

Implement redeclaration and compatibility rules for
structures and unions in C23.

gcc/c/:
	* c-decl.cc (previous_tag): New function.
	(parser_xref_tag): Find earlier definition.
	(get_parm_info): Turn off warning for C23.
	(start_struct): Allow redefinitons.
	(finish_struct): Diagnose conflicts.
	* c-tree.h (comptypes_same_p): Add prototype.
	* c-typeck.cc (comptypes_same_p): New function.
	(comptypes_internal): Activate comparison of tagged types.
	(convert_for_assignment): Ignore qualifiers.
	(digest_init): Add error.
	(initialized_elementwise_p): Allow compatible types.

gcc/testsuite/:
	* gcc.dg/c23-enum-7.c: Remove warning.
	* gcc.dg/c23-tag-1.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/c23-tag-2.c: New deactivated test.
	* gcc.dg/c23-tag-3.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/c23-tag-4.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/c23-tag-5.c: New deactivated test.
	* gcc.dg/c23-tag-6.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/c23-tag-7.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/c23-tag-8.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/gnu23-tag-1.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/gnu23-tag-2.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/gnu23-tag-3.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/gnu23-tag-4.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/pr112488-2.c: Remove warning.

gcc/c/c-decl.cc

@@ -2037,6 +2037,28 @@ locate_old_decl (tree decl)
 	    decl, TREE_TYPE (decl));
 }
 
+
+/* Helper function.  For a tagged type, it finds the declaration
+   for a visible tag declared in the the same scope if such a
+   declaration exists.  */
+static tree
+previous_tag (tree type)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b = NULL;
+  tree name = TYPE_NAME (type);
+
+  if (name)
+    b = I_TAG_BINDING (name);
+
+  if (b)
+    b = b->shadowed;
+
+  if (b && B_IN_CURRENT_SCOPE (b))
+    return b->decl;
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
 /* Subroutine of duplicate_decls.  Compare NEWDECL to OLDDECL.
    Returns true if the caller should proceed to merge the two, false
    if OLDDECL should simply be discarded.  As a side effect, issues
@@ -8573,11 +8595,14 @@ get_parm_info (bool ellipsis, tree expr)
 	  if (TREE_CODE (decl) != UNION_TYPE || b->id != NULL_TREE)
 	    {
 	      if (b->id)
+		{
 		  /* The %s will be one of 'struct', 'union', or 'enum'.  */
+		  if (!flag_isoc23)
 		    warning_at (b->locus, 0,
 				"%<%s %E%> declared inside parameter list"
 				" will not be visible outside of this definition or"
 				" declaration", keyword, b->id);
+		}
 	      else
 		/* The %s will be one of 'struct', 'union', or 'enum'.  */
 		warning_at (b->locus, 0,
@@ -8668,6 +8693,16 @@ parser_xref_tag (location_t loc, enum tree_code code, tree name,
      present, only a definition in the current scope is relevant.  */
 
   ref = lookup_tag (code, name, has_enum_type_specifier, &refloc);
+
+  /* If the visble type is still being defined, see if there is
+     an earlier definition (which may be complete).  */
+  if (flag_isoc23 && ref && C_TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (ref))
+    {
+      tree vis = previous_tag (ref);
+      if (vis)
+	ref = vis;
+    }
+
   /* If this is the right type of tag, return what we found.
      (This reference will be shadowed by shadow_tag later if appropriate.)
      If this is the wrong type of tag, do not return it.  If it was the
@@ -8782,6 +8817,14 @@ start_struct (location_t loc, enum tree_code code, tree name,
 
   if (name != NULL_TREE)
     ref = lookup_tag (code, name, true, &refloc);
+
+  /* For C23, even if we already have a completed definition,
+     we do not use it. We will check for consistency later.
+     If we are in a nested redefinition the type is not
+     complete. We will then detect this below.  */
+  if (flag_isoc23 && ref && TYPE_SIZE (ref))
+    ref = NULL_TREE;
+
   if (ref && TREE_CODE (ref) == code)
     {
       if (TYPE_STUB_DECL (ref))
@@ -9581,6 +9624,25 @@ finish_struct (location_t loc, tree t, tree fieldlist, tree attributes,
       warning_at (loc, 0, "union cannot be made transparent");
     }
 
+  /* Check for consistency with previous definition.  */
+  if (flag_isoc23)
+    {
+      tree vistype = previous_tag (t);
+      if (vistype
+	  && TREE_CODE (vistype) == TREE_CODE (t)
+	  && !C_TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (vistype))
+	{
+	  TYPE_STUB_DECL (vistype) = TYPE_STUB_DECL (t);
+	  if (c_type_variably_modified_p (t))
+	    error ("redefinition of struct or union %qT with variably "
+		   "modified type", t);
+	  else if (!comptypes_same_p (t, vistype))
+	    error ("redefinition of struct or union %qT", t);
+	}
+    }
+
+  C_TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (t) = 0;
+
   tree incomplete_vars = C_TYPE_INCOMPLETE_VARS (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t));
   for (x = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t); x; x = TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (x))
     {

gcc/c/c-tree.h

@@ -757,6 +757,7 @@ extern tree c_objc_common_truthvalue_conversion (location_t, tree);
 extern tree require_complete_type (location_t, tree);
 extern bool same_translation_unit_p (const_tree, const_tree);
 extern int comptypes (tree, tree);
+extern bool comptypes_same_p (tree, tree);
 extern int comptypes_check_different_types (tree, tree, bool *);
 extern int comptypes_check_enum_int (tree, tree, bool *);
 extern bool c_mark_addressable (tree, bool = false);

gcc/c/c-typeck.cc

@@ -1080,6 +1080,23 @@ comptypes (tree type1, tree type2)
   return ret ? (data.warning_needed ? 2 : 1) : 0;
 }
 
+
+/* Like comptypes, but it returns non-zero only for identical
+   types.  */
+
+bool
+comptypes_same_p (tree type1, tree type2)
+{
+  struct comptypes_data data = { };
+  bool ret = comptypes_internal (type1, type2, &data);
+
+  if (data.different_types_p)
+    return false;
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+
 /* Like comptypes, but if it returns non-zero because enum and int are
    compatible, it sets *ENUM_AND_INT_P to true.  */
 
@@ -1266,12 +1283,12 @@ comptypes_internal (const_tree type1, const_tree type2,
     case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
     case RECORD_TYPE:
     case UNION_TYPE:
-      if (false)
+
-	{
+      if (!flag_isoc23)
-	  return tagged_types_tu_compatible_p (t1, t2, data);
-	}
 	return false;
 
+      return tagged_types_tu_compatible_p (t1, t2, data);
+
     case VECTOR_TYPE:
       return known_eq (TYPE_VECTOR_SUBPARTS (t1), TYPE_VECTOR_SUBPARTS (t2))
 	     && comptypes_internal (TREE_TYPE (t1), TREE_TYPE (t2), data);
@@ -7102,7 +7119,7 @@ convert_for_assignment (location_t location, location_t expr_loc, tree type,
   /* Aggregates in different TUs might need conversion.  */
   if ((codel == RECORD_TYPE || codel == UNION_TYPE)
       && codel == coder
-      && comptypes (type, rhstype))
+      && comptypes (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type), TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (rhstype)))
     return convert_and_check (expr_loc != UNKNOWN_LOCATION
 			      ? expr_loc : location, type, rhs);
 
@@ -8457,6 +8474,13 @@ digest_init (location_t init_loc, tree type, tree init, tree origtype,
 	   conversion.  */
 	inside_init = convert (type, inside_init);
 
+      if ((code == RECORD_TYPE || code == UNION_TYPE)
+	  && !comptypes (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type), TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (inside_init))))
+	{
+	  error_init (init_loc, "invalid initializer");
+	  return error_mark_node;
+	}
+
       if (require_constant
 	  && TREE_CODE (inside_init) == COMPOUND_LITERAL_EXPR)
 	{
@@ -10542,7 +10566,7 @@ initialize_elementwise_p (tree type, tree value)
     return !VECTOR_TYPE_P (value_type);
 
   if (AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (type))
-    return type != TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (value_type);
+    return !comptypes (type, TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (value_type));
 
   return false;
 }

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-enum-7.c

@@ -26,17 +26,15 @@ enum e13 : short x13; /* { dg-error "'enum' underlying type may not be specified
 enum e14 : short f14 (); /* { dg-error "'enum' underlying type may not be specified here" } */
 typeof (enum e15 : long) x15; /* { dg-error "'enum' underlying type may not be specified here" } */
 int f16 (enum e16 : char p); /* { dg-error "'enum' underlying type may not be specified here" } */
-/* { dg-warning "will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration" "warning" { target *-*-* } .-1 } */
 int f17 (enum e17 : char); /* { dg-error "'enum' underlying type may not be specified here" } */
-/* { dg-warning "will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration" "warning" { target *-*-* } .-1 } */
 struct s18 { enum e18 : int x; }; /* { dg-error "'enum' underlying type may not be specified here" } */
 
 /* But those are OK if the enum content is defined.  */
 enum e19 : short { E19 } x19;
 enum e20 : long { E20 } f20 ();
 typeof (enum e21 : long { E21 }) x21;
-int f22 (enum e22 : long long { E22 } p); /* { dg-warning "will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration" } */
+int f22 (enum e22 : long long { E22 } p);
-int f23 (enum e23 : long long { E23 } p); /* { dg-warning "will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration" } */
+int f23 (enum e23 : long long { E23 } p);
 struct s24 { enum e24 : int { E24 } x; };
 
 /* Incompatible kinds of tags in the same scope are errors.  */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-tag-1.c

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * { dg-do compile }
+ * { dg-options "-std=c23" }
+ */
+
+// allowed and forbidden redefinitions of the same struct/union in the same scope
+
+typedef struct p { int a; } pd_t;
+typedef struct p { int a; } pd_t;
+
+typedef struct bar { int x; } X;
+typedef struct bar { float x; } Y; /* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+
+void test(void)
+{
+	struct foo { int x; };
+	struct foo { float x; }; /* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+}
+
+struct aa { int a; };
+
+void f(void)
+{
+	typedef struct aa A;
+	struct bb { struct aa a; } x;
+	struct aa { int a; };
+	typedef struct aa A;		/* { dg-error "redefinition" } */
+	struct bb { struct aa a; } y; /* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+	(void)x; (void)y;
+}
+
+
+
+void h(void)
+{
+	struct a2 { int a; };
+	{
+		typedef struct a2 A;
+		struct b2 { struct a2 a; } x;
+		struct a2 { int a; };
+		typedef struct a2 A;		/* { dg-error "redefinition" } */
+		struct b2 { struct a2 a; } y; /* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+		(void)x; (void)y;
+	}
+}
+
+
+union cc { int x; float y; } z;
+union cc { int x; float y; } z1;
+union cc { float y; int x; } z2;	/* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+
+void g(void)
+{
+	struct s { int a; };
+	struct s { int a; } x0;
+	struct p { struct s c; } y1 = { x0 };
+	struct p { struct s { int a; } c; } y = { x0 };
+}
+
+struct q { struct { int a; }; }; 
+struct q { struct { int a; }; }; 
+struct q { int a; };  /* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+
+struct r { int a; char b[]; };
+struct r { int a; char b[]; };
+struct r { int a; char b[1]; }; /* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-tag-2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/* { dg-do compile { target { ! "*-*-*" } } }
+ * { dg-options "-std=c23" }
+ */
+
+// compatibility of structs in assignment
+
+typedef struct p { int a; } pd_t;
+
+void test1(void)
+{
+  pd_t y0;
+  struct p { int a; } x;
+  y0 = x;
+}
+
+void test2(void)
+{
+  struct p { int a; } x;
+  struct p y0 = x;
+}
+
+void test3(void)
+{
+  struct p { int a; } x;
+  pd_t y0 = x;
+}
+
+typedef struct p { int a; } p2_t;
+
+void test4(void)
+{
+  p2_t x;
+  pd_t y0 = x;
+}
+
+void test5(void)
+{
+  struct q { int a; } a;
+  struct q { int a; } b;
+  a = b;
+}
+
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-tag-3.c

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * { dg-do compile }
+ * { dg-options "-std=c23" }
+ */
+
+// conflicting types via linkage
+
+extern struct foo { int x; } x;
+extern struct bar { float x; } y;
+
+void test(void)
+{
+  extern struct foo { int x; } x;
+  extern struct bar { int x; } y;	/* { dg-error "conflicting types" } */
+}
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-tag-4.c

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * { dg-do compile }
+ * { dg-options "-std=c23" }
+ */
+
+// conflicting types for anonymous structs / unions
+
+extern struct { int x; } a;
+extern struct { int x; } a;	/* { dg-error "conflicting types" } */
+
+extern union { int x; } b;
+extern union { int x; } b;	/* { dg-error "conflicting types" } */
+
+typedef struct { int x; } u;
+typedef struct { int x; } v;
+
+u c;
+v c;				/* { dg-error "conflicting types" } */
+
+typedef union { int x; } q;
+typedef union { int x; } r;
+
+q d;
+r d;				/* { dg-error "conflicting types" } */
+
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-tag-5.c

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* { dg-do run { target { ! "*-*-*" } } }
+ * { dg-options "-std=c23 -fpermissive" }
+ */
+
+// nesting and parameters
+
+#define product_type(T, A, B) \
+struct product_ ## T { A a ; B b ; }
+#define sum_type(T, A, B) \
+struct sum_ ## T { _Bool flag ; union { A a ; B b ; }; }
+
+float foo1(product_type(iSfd_, int, sum_type(fd, float, double)) x)
+{
+	return x.b.a;
+}
+
+static void test1(void)
+{
+	product_type(iSfd_, int, sum_type(fd, float, double)) y = { 3, { 1, { .a = 1. } } };
+	product_type(iSfd_, int, sum_type(fd, float, double)) z = y;
+	product_type(iSfd_, int, sum_type(fd, float, double)) *zp = &y;
+	float a = foo1(y);
+	product_type(iSid_, int, sum_type(id, int, double)) *wp = &y; /* { dg-warning "incompatible pointer type" } */
+	float b = foo1(y);
+	product_type(iSid_, int, sum_type(id, int, double)) w = *wp;
+	(void)a; (void)b; (void)z; (void)zp; (void)w; (void)wp;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+	test1();
+}
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-tag-6.c

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * { dg-do compile }
+ * { dg-options "-std=c23" }
+ */
+
+// (in-)completeness
+
+struct foo {
+	char x[10];
+} x;
+
+// complete, same type
+
+struct foo {
+	_Static_assert(_Generic(&x, struct foo*: 1, default: 0));
+	char x[_Generic(&x, struct foo*: 10, default: 1)];
+	_Static_assert(_Generic(0, struct foo: 0, default: 1));
+};
+
+// incomplete, same type
+
+struct bar* p;
+struct bar {
+	_Static_assert(_Generic(p, struct bar*: 1, default: 0));
+	char x[_Generic(p, struct bar*: 10, default: 1)];
+	_Static_assert(_Generic(0, struct bar: 0, default: 1));	/* { dg-error "incomplete type" } */
+};
+
+struct bar {
+	char x[10];
+};
+
+struct h *hp;
+
+void f(void)
+{
+	// again incomplete, different type
+
+	struct foo { 
+		char x[_Generic(&x, struct foo*: 1, default: 10)]; 
+		_Static_assert(_Generic(0, struct foo: 0, default: 1));	/* { dg-error "incomplete type" } */
+	};
+
+	struct foo z;
+	_Static_assert(10 == sizeof(z.x), "");
+
+	// still incomplete, different type
+
+	struct h { 
+		char x[_Generic(hp, struct h*: 1, default: 10)]; 
+		_Static_assert(_Generic(0, struct h: 0, default: 1));	/* { dg-error "incomplete type" } */
+	};
+
+	struct h y;
+	_Static_assert(10 == sizeof(y.x), "");
+}
+
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-tag-7.c

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+ * { dg-do compile }
+ * { dg-options "-std=c23" }
+ */
+
+// recursive declarations
+
+extern struct bar { struct bar* p; int x; } b;
+extern struct bar { struct bar* p; int x; } b;
+
+struct foo { struct foo { struct foo* p; int x; }* p; int x; } a;	/* { dg-error "nested" } */
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-tag-8.c

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/* { dg-do compile }
+   { dg-options "-std=c23" } */
+
+void foo(void)
+{
+	struct bar { struct bar* next; };
+	struct bar { struct bar* next; };
+	struct bar { struct bar { struct bar* next; }* next; };	/* { dg-error "nested" } */
+}
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu23-tag-1.c

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/*
+ * { dg-do compile }
+ * { dg-options "-std=gnu23" }
+ */
+
+struct r { int a; char b[]; };
+struct r { int a; char b[0]; };	/* allowed GNU extension */
+struct r { int a; char b[1]; }; /* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu23-tag-2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/*
+ * { dg-do compile }
+ * { dg-options "-std=gnu23" }
+ */
+
+// conflicting attributes
+
+extern struct [[gnu::transaction_safe]] foo { int x; } x;
+extern struct [[gnu::unused]] foo2 { int x; } x2;
+extern struct [[gnu::may_alias]] foo3 { int x; } x3;
+
+void test()
+{
+  extern struct foo { int x; } x;		/* { dg-error "conflicting types" } */
+  extern struct foo2 { int x; } x2;
+  extern struct foo3 { int x; } x3;
+}
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu23-tag-3.c

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/* 
+ * { dg-do compile } 
+ * { dg-options "-Wno-vla -std=gnu23" } 
+ */
+
+// arrays in structs
+
+void foo(int n, int m)
+{
+	struct f { int b; int a[n]; };
+	struct f { int b; int a[n]; };	/* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+	struct f { int b; int a[m]; };	/* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+	struct f { int b; int a[5]; };	/* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+	struct f { int b; int a[]; };	/* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+
+	struct g { int a[n]; int b; };
+	struct g { int a[n]; int b; };	/* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+	struct g { int a[m]; int b; };	/* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+	struct g { int a[4]; int b; };	/* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+
+	struct h { int (*a)[n]; int b; };
+	struct h { int (*a)[n]; int b; };	/* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+	struct h { int (*a)[m]; int b; };	/* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+	struct h { int (*a)[4]; int b; };	/* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+	struct h { int (*a)[]; int b; };	/* { dg-error "redefinition of struct or union" } */
+}
+
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu23-tag-4.c

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* { dg-do compile }
+ * { dg-options "-std=gnu23" } */
+
+// structs with variably modified types
+
+void bar(int n, int m)
+{
+	struct f { int b; int a[n]; } *x;
+	{ struct f { int b; int a[n]; } *x2 = x; }
+	{ struct f { int b; int a[m]; } *x2 = x; }
+	{ struct f { int b; int a[5]; } *x2 = x; }
+	{ struct f { int b; int a[0]; }  *x2 = x; }
+	{ struct f { int b; int a[]; }  *x2 = x; }
+
+	struct g { int a[n]; int b; } *y;
+	{ struct g { int a[n]; int b; } *y2 = y; }
+	{ struct g { int a[m]; int b; } *y2 = y; }
+	{ struct g { int a[4]; int b; } *y2 = y; }
+
+	struct h { int b; int a[5]; } *w;
+	{ struct h { int b; int a[5]; } *w2 = w; }
+	{ struct h { int b; int a[n]; } *w2 = w; }
+	{ struct h { int b; int a[m]; } *w2 = w; }
+
+	struct i { int b; int (*a)(int c[n]); } *u;
+	{ struct i { int b; int (*a)(int c[4]); } *u2 = u; }
+	{ struct i { int b; int (*a)(int c[]); } *u2 = u; }
+	{ struct i { int b; int (*a)(int c[*]); } *u2 = u; }
+}
+
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/pr112488-2.c

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 extern void abort(void);
 
-int test(int *n, struct T { char a[*n], b[*n]; }*) {	/* { dg-warning "declared inside parameter list" } */
+int test(int *n, struct T { char a[*n], b[*n]; }*) {
   return sizeof(struct T) - sizeof(struct T);
 }