This commit brings all the changes made by running gdb/copyright.py
as per GDB's Start of New Year Procedure.
For the avoidance of doubt, all changes in this commits were
performed by the script.
The r_ldsomap field is specific to Solaris (part of librtld_db), and
should never be accessed for Linux. glibc is planning to add a field
to support multiple namespaces. But there will be no r_ldsomap when
r_version is bumped to 2. Add linux_[ilp32|lp64]_fetch_link_map_offsets
to set r_ldsomap_offset to -1 and use them for Linux targets.
Bug: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=28236
The Linux kernel exposes the information about MTE-protected pages via the
proc filesystem, more specifically through the smaps file.
What we're looking for is a mapping with the 'mt' flag, which tells us that
mapping was created with a PROT_MTE flag and, thus, is capable of using memory
tagging.
We already parse that file for other purposes (core file
generation/filtering), so this patch refactors the code to make the parsing
of the smaps file reusable for memory tagging.
The function linux_address_in_memtag_page uses the refactored code to allow
querying for memory tag support in a particular address, and it gets used in the
next patch.
gdb/ChangeLog:
2021-03-24 Luis Machado <luis.machado@linaro.org>
* linux-tdep.c (struct smaps_vmflags) <memory_tagging>: New flag
bit.
(struct smaps_data): New struct.
(decode_vmflags): Handle the 'mt' flag.
(parse_smaps_data): New function, refactored from
linux_find_memory_regions_full.
(linux_address_in_memtag_page): New function.
(linux_find_memory_regions_full): Refactor into parse_smaps_data.
* linux-tdep.h (linux_address_in_memtag_page): New prototype.
This commits the result of running gdb/copyright.py as per our Start
of New Year procedure...
gdb/ChangeLog
Update copyright year range in copyright header of all GDB files.
Today, GDB only allows a single displaced stepping operation to happen
per inferior at a time. There is a single displaced stepping buffer per
inferior, whose address is fixed (obtained with
gdbarch_displaced_step_location), managed by infrun.c.
In the case of the AMD ROCm target [1] (in the context of which this
work has been done), it is typical to have thousands of threads (or
waves, in SMT terminology) executing the same code, hitting the same
breakpoint (possibly conditional) and needing to to displaced step it at
the same time. The limitation of only one displaced step executing at a
any given time becomes a real bottleneck.
To fix this bottleneck, we want to make it possible for threads of a
same inferior to execute multiple displaced steps in parallel. This
patch builds the foundation for that.
In essence, this patch moves the task of preparing a displaced step and
cleaning up after to gdbarch functions. This allows using different
schemes for allocating and managing displaced stepping buffers for
different platforms. The gdbarch decides how to assign a buffer to a
thread that needs to execute a displaced step.
On the ROCm target, we are able to allocate one displaced stepping
buffer per thread, so a thread will never have to wait to execute a
displaced step.
On Linux, the entry point of the executable if used as the displaced
stepping buffer, since we assume that this code won't get used after
startup. From what I saw (I checked with a binary generated against
glibc and musl), on AMD64 we have enough space there to fit two
displaced stepping buffers. A subsequent patch makes AMD64/Linux use
two buffers.
In addition to having multiple displaced stepping buffers, there is also
the idea of sharing displaced stepping buffers between threads. Two
threads doing displaced steps for the same PC could use the same buffer
at the same time. Two threads stepping over the same instruction (same
opcode) at two different PCs may also be able to share a displaced
stepping buffer. This is an idea for future patches, but the
architecture built by this patch is made to allow this.
Now, the implementation details. The main part of this patch is moving
the responsibility of preparing and finishing a displaced step to the
gdbarch. Before this patch, preparing a displaced step is driven by the
displaced_step_prepare_throw function. It does some calls to the
gdbarch to do some low-level operations, but the high-level logic is
there. The steps are roughly:
- Ask the gdbarch for the displaced step buffer location
- Save the existing bytes in the displaced step buffer
- Ask the gdbarch to copy the instruction into the displaced step buffer
- Set the pc of the thread to the beginning of the displaced step buffer
Similarly, the "fixup" phase, executed after the instruction was
successfully single-stepped, is driven by the infrun code (function
displaced_step_finish). The steps are roughly:
- Restore the original bytes in the displaced stepping buffer
- Ask the gdbarch to fixup the instruction result (adjust the target's
registers or memory to do as if the instruction had been executed in
its original location)
The displaced_step_inferior_state::step_thread field indicates which
thread (if any) is currently using the displaced stepping buffer, so it
is used by displaced_step_prepare_throw to check if the displaced
stepping buffer is free to use or not.
This patch defers the whole task of preparing and cleaning up after a
displaced step to the gdbarch. Two new main gdbarch methods are added,
with the following semantics:
- gdbarch_displaced_step_prepare: Prepare for the given thread to
execute a displaced step of the instruction located at its current PC.
Upon return, everything should be ready for GDB to resume the thread
(with either a single step or continue, as indicated by
gdbarch_displaced_step_hw_singlestep) to make it displaced step the
instruction.
- gdbarch_displaced_step_finish: Called when the thread stopped after
having started a displaced step. Verify if the instruction was
executed, if so apply any fixup required to compensate for the fact
that the instruction was executed at a different place than its
original pc. Release any resources that were allocated for this
displaced step. Upon return, everything should be ready for GDB to
resume the thread in its "normal" code path.
The displaced_step_prepare_throw function now pretty much just offloads
to gdbarch_displaced_step_prepare and the displaced_step_finish function
offloads to gdbarch_displaced_step_finish.
The gdbarch_displaced_step_location method is now unnecessary, so is
removed. Indeed, the core of GDB doesn't know how many displaced step
buffers there are nor where they are.
To keep the existing behavior for existing architectures, the logic that
was previously implemented in infrun.c for preparing and finishing a
displaced step is moved to displaced-stepping.c, to the
displaced_step_buffer class. Architectures are modified to implement
the new gdbarch methods using this class. The behavior is not expected
to change.
The other important change (which arises from the above) is that the
core of GDB no longer prevents concurrent displaced steps. Before this
patch, start_step_over walks the global step over chain and tries to
initiate a step over (whether it is in-line or displaced). It follows
these rules:
- if an in-line step is in progress (in any inferior), don't start any
other step over
- if a displaced step is in progress for an inferior, don't start
another displaced step for that inferior
After starting a displaced step for a given inferior, it won't start
another displaced step for that inferior.
In the new code, start_step_over simply tries to initiate step overs for
all the threads in the list. But because threads may be added back to
the global list as it iterates the global list, trying to initiate step
overs, start_step_over now starts by stealing the global queue into a
local queue and iterates on the local queue. In the typical case, each
thread will either:
- have initiated a displaced step and be resumed
- have been added back by the global step over queue by
displaced_step_prepare_throw, because the gdbarch will have returned
that there aren't enough resources (i.e. buffers) to initiate a
displaced step for that thread
Lastly, if start_step_over initiates an in-line step, it stops
iterating, and moves back whatever remaining threads it had in its local
step over queue to the global step over queue.
Two other gdbarch methods are added, to handle some slightly annoying
corner cases. They feel awkwardly specific to these cases, but I don't
see any way around them:
- gdbarch_displaced_step_copy_insn_closure_by_addr: in
arm_pc_is_thumb, arm-tdep.c wants to get the closure for a given
buffer address.
- gdbarch_displaced_step_restore_all_in_ptid: when a process forks
(at least on Linux), the address space is copied. If some displaced
step buffers were in use at the time of the fork, we need to restore
the original bytes in the child's address space.
These two adjustments are also made in infrun.c:
- prepare_for_detach: there may be multiple threads doing displaced
steps when we detach, so wait until all of them are done
- handle_inferior_event: when we handle a fork event for a given
thread, it's possible that other threads are doing a displaced step at
the same time. Make sure to restore the displaced step buffer
contents in the child for them.
[1] https://github.com/ROCm-Developer-Tools/ROCgdb
gdb/ChangeLog:
* displaced-stepping.h (struct
displaced_step_copy_insn_closure): Adjust comments.
(struct displaced_step_inferior_state) <step_thread,
step_gdbarch, step_closure, step_original, step_copy,
step_saved_copy>: Remove fields.
(struct displaced_step_thread_state): New.
(struct displaced_step_buffer): New.
* displaced-stepping.c (displaced_step_buffer::prepare): New.
(write_memory_ptid): Move from infrun.c.
(displaced_step_instruction_executed_successfully): New,
factored out of displaced_step_finish.
(displaced_step_buffer::finish): New.
(displaced_step_buffer::copy_insn_closure_by_addr): New.
(displaced_step_buffer::restore_in_ptid): New.
* gdbarch.sh (displaced_step_location): Remove.
(displaced_step_prepare, displaced_step_finish,
displaced_step_copy_insn_closure_by_addr,
displaced_step_restore_all_in_ptid): New.
* gdbarch.c: Re-generate.
* gdbarch.h: Re-generate.
* gdbthread.h (class thread_info) <displaced_step_state>: New
field.
(thread_step_over_chain_remove): New declaration.
(thread_step_over_chain_next): New declaration.
(thread_step_over_chain_length): New declaration.
* thread.c (thread_step_over_chain_remove): Make non-static.
(thread_step_over_chain_next): New.
(global_thread_step_over_chain_next): Use
thread_step_over_chain_next.
(thread_step_over_chain_length): New.
(global_thread_step_over_chain_enqueue): Add debug print.
(global_thread_step_over_chain_remove): Add debug print.
* infrun.h (get_displaced_step_copy_insn_closure_by_addr):
Remove.
* infrun.c (get_displaced_stepping_state): New.
(displaced_step_in_progress_any_inferior): Remove.
(displaced_step_in_progress_thread): Adjust.
(displaced_step_in_progress): Adjust.
(displaced_step_in_progress_any_thread): New.
(get_displaced_step_copy_insn_closure_by_addr): Remove.
(gdbarch_supports_displaced_stepping): Use
gdbarch_displaced_step_prepare_p.
(displaced_step_reset): Change parameter from inferior to
thread.
(displaced_step_prepare_throw): Implement using
gdbarch_displaced_step_prepare.
(write_memory_ptid): Move to displaced-step.c.
(displaced_step_restore): Remove.
(displaced_step_finish): Implement using
gdbarch_displaced_step_finish.
(start_step_over): Allow starting more than one displaced step.
(prepare_for_detach): Handle possibly multiple threads doing
displaced steps.
(handle_inferior_event): Handle possibility that fork event
happens while another thread displaced steps.
* linux-tdep.h (linux_displaced_step_prepare): New.
(linux_displaced_step_finish): New.
(linux_displaced_step_copy_insn_closure_by_addr): New.
(linux_displaced_step_restore_all_in_ptid): New.
(linux_init_abi): Add supports_displaced_step parameter.
* linux-tdep.c (struct linux_info) <disp_step_buf>: New field.
(linux_displaced_step_prepare): New.
(linux_displaced_step_finish): New.
(linux_displaced_step_copy_insn_closure_by_addr): New.
(linux_displaced_step_restore_all_in_ptid): New.
(linux_init_abi): Add supports_displaced_step parameter,
register displaced step methods if true.
(_initialize_linux_tdep): Register inferior_execd observer.
* amd64-linux-tdep.c (amd64_linux_init_abi_common): Add
supports_displaced_step parameter, adjust call to
linux_init_abi. Remove call to
set_gdbarch_displaced_step_location.
(amd64_linux_init_abi): Adjust call to
amd64_linux_init_abi_common.
(amd64_x32_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* aarch64-linux-tdep.c (aarch64_linux_init_abi): Adjust call to
linux_init_abi. Remove call to
set_gdbarch_displaced_step_location.
* arm-linux-tdep.c (arm_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* i386-linux-tdep.c (i386_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* alpha-linux-tdep.c (alpha_linux_init_abi): Adjust call to
linux_init_abi.
* arc-linux-tdep.c (arc_linux_init_osabi): Likewise.
* bfin-linux-tdep.c (bfin_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* cris-linux-tdep.c (cris_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* csky-linux-tdep.c (csky_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* frv-linux-tdep.c (frv_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* hppa-linux-tdep.c (hppa_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* ia64-linux-tdep.c (ia64_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* m32r-linux-tdep.c (m32r_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* m68k-linux-tdep.c (m68k_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* microblaze-linux-tdep.c (microblaze_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* mips-linux-tdep.c (mips_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* mn10300-linux-tdep.c (am33_linux_init_osabi): Likewise.
* nios2-linux-tdep.c (nios2_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* or1k-linux-tdep.c (or1k_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* riscv-linux-tdep.c (riscv_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* s390-linux-tdep.c (s390_linux_init_abi_any): Likewise.
* sh-linux-tdep.c (sh_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* sparc-linux-tdep.c (sparc32_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* sparc64-linux-tdep.c (sparc64_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* tic6x-linux-tdep.c (tic6x_uclinux_init_abi): Likewise.
* tilegx-linux-tdep.c (tilegx_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* xtensa-linux-tdep.c (xtensa_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* ppc-linux-tdep.c (ppc_linux_init_abi): Adjust call to
linux_init_abi. Remove call to
set_gdbarch_displaced_step_location.
* arm-tdep.c (arm_pc_is_thumb): Call
gdbarch_displaced_step_copy_insn_closure_by_addr instead of
get_displaced_step_copy_insn_closure_by_addr.
* rs6000-aix-tdep.c (rs6000_aix_init_osabi): Adjust calls to
clear gdbarch methods.
* rs6000-tdep.c (struct ppc_inferior_data): New structure.
(get_ppc_per_inferior): New function.
(ppc_displaced_step_prepare): New function.
(ppc_displaced_step_finish): New function.
(ppc_displaced_step_restore_all_in_ptid): New function.
(rs6000_gdbarch_init): Register new gdbarch methods.
* s390-tdep.c (s390_gdbarch_init): Don't call
set_gdbarch_displaced_step_location, set new gdbarch methods.
gdb/testsuite/ChangeLog:
* gdb.arch/amd64-disp-step-avx.exp: Adjust pattern.
* gdb.threads/forking-threads-plus-breakpoint.exp: Likewise.
* gdb.threads/non-stop-fair-events.exp: Likewise.
Change-Id: I387cd235a442d0620ec43608fd3dc0097fcbf8c8
This commit applies all changes made after running the gdb/copyright.py
script.
Note that one file was flagged by the script, due to an invalid
copyright header
(gdb/unittests/basic_string_view/element_access/char/empty.cc).
As the file was copied from GCC's libstdc++-v3 testsuite, this commit
leaves this file untouched for the time being; a patch to fix the header
was sent to gcc-patches first.
gdb/ChangeLog:
Update copyright year range in all GDB files.
This applies the second part of GDB's End of Year Procedure, which
updates the copyright year range in all of GDB's files.
gdb/ChangeLog:
Update copyright year range in all GDB files.
Use linux_get_siginfo_type_with_fields for adding bound fields on
segmentation fault for i386/amd64 siginfo.
2016-02-02 Walfred Tedeschi <walfred.tedeschi@intel.com>
gdb/ChangeLog:
* linux-tdep.h (linux_get_siginfo_type_with_fields): Make extern.
* linux-tdep.c (linux_get_siginfo_type_with_fields): Make extern.
* i386-linux-tdep.h (x86_linux_get_siginfo_type): New
function.
* amd64-linux-tdep.c (amd64_linux_init_abi_common): Add
x86_linux_get_siginfo_type for the amd64 abi.
* i386-linux-tdep.c (x86_linux_get_siginfo_type): New
function.
(i386_linux_init_abi): Add new function at the i386 ABI
initialization.
First add new structure and function to allow architecture customization
for the siginfo structure.
2016-01-15 Walfred Tedeschi <walfred.tedeschi@intel.com>
gdb/ChangeLog:
* linux-tdep.h (linux_siginfo_extra_field_values): New enum values.
(linux_siginfo_extra_fields): New enum type.
* linux-tdep.c (linux_get_siginfo_type_with_fields): New function.
(linux_get_siginfo_type): Use new function.
linux_get_siginfo_type is installed to many linux gdbarch. This patch
is to move this to a common area linux-tdep.c:linux_init_abi, so that
linux_get_siginfo_type is installed to every linux gdbarch. If some
linux gdbarch needs its own version, please override it in
$ARCH_linux_init_abi. In the testsuite, we enable siginfo related
tests for all linux targets.
gdb:
2015-06-24 Yao Qi <yao.qi@linaro.org>
* aarch64-linux-tdep.c (aarch64_linux_init_abi): Don't call
set_gdbarch_get_siginfo_type.
* amd64-linux-tdep.c (amd64_linux_init_abi_common): Likewise.
* arm-linux-tdep.c (arm_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* i386-linux-tdep.c (i386_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* m68klinux-tdep.c (m68k_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* ppc-linux-tdep.c (ppc_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* s390-linux-tdep.c (s390_gdbarch_init): Likewise.
* tilegx-linux-tdep.c (tilegx_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* linux-tdep.c (linux_get_siginfo_type): Change it to static.
(linux_init_abi): Call set_gdbarch_get_siginfo_type.
* linux-tdep.h (linux_get_siginfo_type): Remove the declaration.
gdb/testsuite:
2015-06-24 Yao Qi <yao.qi@linaro.org>
* lib/gdb.exp (supports_get_siginfo_type): Return 1 for all
linux targets.
Running break-interp.exp with the target always in non-stop mode trips
on PR13858, as enabling non-stop also enables displaced stepping.
The problem is that when GDB doesn't know where the entry point is, it
doesn't know where to put the displaced stepping scratch pad. The
test added by this commit exercises this. Without the fix, we get:
(gdb) PASS: gdb.base/step-over-no-symbols.exp: displaced=on: break *$pc
set displaced-stepping on
(gdb) PASS: gdb.base/step-over-no-symbols.exp: displaced=on: set displaced-stepping on
stepi
0x00000000004005be in ?? ()
Entry point address is not known.
(gdb) PASS: gdb.base/step-over-no-symbols.exp: displaced=on: stepi
p /x $pc
$2 = 0x4005be
(gdb) PASS: gdb.base/step-over-no-symbols.exp: displaced=on: get after PC
FAIL: gdb.base/step-over-no-symbols.exp: displaced=on: advanced
The fix switches all GNU/Linux ports to get the entry point from
AT_ENTRY in the target auxiliary vector instead of from symbols. This
is currently only done by PPC when Cell debugging is enabled, but I
think all archs should be able to do the same. Note that
ppc_linux_displaced_step_location cached the result, I'm guessing to
avoid constantly re-fetching the auxv out of remote targets, but
that's no longer necessary nowadays, as the auxv blob is itself cached
in the inferior object. The ppc_linux_entry_point_addr global is
obviously bad for multi-process too nowadays.
Tested on x86-64 (-m64/-m32), PPC64 (-m64/-m32) and S/390 GNU/Linux.
Yao tested the new test on ARM as well.
gdb/ChangeLog:
2015-04-10 Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com>
PR gdb/13858
* amd64-linux-tdep.c (amd64_linux_init_abi_common): Install
linux_displaced_step_location as gdbarch_displaced_step_location
hook.
* arm-linux-tdep.c (arm_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* i386-linux-tdep.c (i386_linux_init_abi): Likewise.
* linux-tdep.c (linux_displaced_step_location): New function,
based on ppc_linux_displaced_step_location.
* linux-tdep.h (linux_displaced_step_location): New declaration.
* ppc-linux-tdep.c (ppc_linux_entry_point_addr): Delete.
(ppc_linux_inferior_created, ppc_linux_displaced_step_location):
Delete.
(ppc_linux_init_abi): Install linux_displaced_step_location as
gdbarch_displaced_step_location hook, even without Cell/B.E..
(_initialize_ppc_linux_tdep): Don't install
ppc_linux_inferior_created as inferior_created observer.
* s390-linux-tdep.c (s390_gdbarch_init): Install
linux_displaced_step_location as gdbarch_displaced_step_location
hook.
gdb/testsuite/
2015-04-10 Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com>
PR gdb/13858
* gdb.base/step-over-no-symbols.exp: New file.
Now that all Linux targets use the regset iterator, the fall back to
the deprecated target method is dropped.
gdb/ChangeLog:
* linux-nat.c (linux_nat_collect_thread_registers): Remove.
(linux_nat_make_corefile_notes): Remove.
(linux_target_install_ops): Do not set target method
'make_corefile_notes'.
* linux-tdep.c (struct linux_corefile_thread_data)<collect>:
Remove field.
(linux_corefile_thread_callback): Instead of args->collect, call
linux_collect_thread_registers.
(linux_make_corefile_notes): Remove 'collect' parameter. Return
NULL unless there is a regset iterator.
(linux_make_corefile_notes_1): Remove.
(linux_init_abi): Replace reference to linux_make_corefile_notes_1
by linux_make_corefile_notes.
* linux-tdep.h (linux_make_corefile_notes): Remove prototype.
It will be used when one wants to convert between the internal GDB signal
representation (enum gdb_signal) and the target's representation.
The idea of this patch came from a chat between Pedro and I on IRC, plus
the discussion of my patches to add the new $_exitsignal convenience
variable:
<http://sourceware.org/ml/gdb-patches/2013-06/msg00452.html>
<http://sourceware.org/ml/gdb-patches/2013-06/msg00352.html>
What I did was to investigate, on the Linux kernel, which targets shared
the signal numbers definition with the generic definition, present at
<include/uapi/asm-generic/signal.h>. For the record, I used linux-3.10-rc7
as the main source of information, always looking at
<arch/<ARCH_NAME>/include/uapi/asm/signal.h>. For SIGRTMAX (which defaults
to _NSIG in most cases), I had to look at different signal-related
files, but most of them (except MIPS) were defined to 64 anyway.
Then, with all the differences in hand, I implemented the bits on each
target.
2013-08-09 Sergio Durigan Junior <sergiodj@redhat.com>
* linux-tdep.c: Define enum with generic signal numbers.
(linux_gdb_signal_from_target): New function.
(linux_gdb_signal_to_target): Likewise.
(linux_init_abi): Set gdbarch_gdb_signal_{to,from}_target
methods to the functions above.
* linux-tdep.h (linux_gdb_signal_from_target): New prototype.
(linux_gdb_signal_to_target): Likewise.
* alpha-linux-tdep.c: Define new enum with signals different
from generic Linux kernel.
(alpha_linux_gdb_signal_from_target): New function.
(alpha_linux_gdb_signal_to_target): Likewise.
(alpha_linux_init_abi): Set gdbarch_gdb_signal_{to,from}_target
with the functions mentioned above.
* avr-tdep.c: Define enum with differences between Linux kernel
and AVR signals.
(avr_linux_gdb_signal_from_target): New function.
(avr_linux_gdb_signal_to_target): Likewise.
(avr_gdbarch_init): Set gdbarch_gdb_signal_{to,from}_target to
the functions mentioned above.
* sparc-linux-tdep.c: Define enum with differences between SPARC
and generic Linux kernel signal numbers.
(sparc32_linux_gdb_signal_from_target): New function.
(sparc32_linux_gdb_signal_to_target): Likewise.
(sparc32_linux_init_abi): Set gdbarch_gdb_signal_{to,from}_target
to the functions defined above.
* xtensa-linux-tdep.c: Define enum with differences between
Xtensa and Linux kernel generic signals.
(xtensa_linux_gdb_signal_from_target): New function.
(xtensa_linux_gdb_signal_to_target): Likewise.
(xtensa_linux_init_abi): Set gdbarch_gdb_signal_to_target
to the functions defined above.
* mips-linux-tdep.c: Define enum with differences between
signals in MIPS and Linux kernel generic ones.
(mips_gdb_signal_to_target): New function.
(mips_gdb_signal_from_target): Redefine to use new enum, handle
only different signals from the Linux kernel generic.
(mips_linux_init_abi): Set gdbarch_gdb_signal_{to,from}_target
the functions defined above.
* mips-linux-tdep.h (enum mips_signals): Remove.
Two modifications:
1. The addition of 2013 to the copyright year range for every file;
2. The use of a single year range, instead of potentially multiple
year ranges, as approved by the FSF.
